Greetings Friends,

Our Grizzly Bear Brain Atlas is nearing completion.

Surface anatomy of the Bear brain surfaces has been followed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the entire brain of Ursus arctos horribilis, and magnetic resonance of the arteries (MRA) of the black bear's brain (Ursus arctos americanus).

This MRI neuro-imaging of the bear's brain has been complemented by computerized axial tomography of the bears' (grizzly, black and cave) skull structures. Three-dimensional reconstructions have allowed delineation of the "skull base" and the foramina.

The histological anatomy has been achieved by Nissl and Weil stains performed by NeuroScience Associates, NSA Labs, Knoxville, Tennessee. Histological studies of the nuclear complexes, cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem have been perfomed in addition to histo-chemical stains and tract dissection. In addition, Diffusion Transmission Imaging, showing the pathways of various tracts has been completed, courtesy of University of Florida's McKnight Brain Institute.

We also have a better understanding of the bear species from a paleontologic stand point, our gratitude to Dr. David Webb.

Various Fish & Game modalities and National Parks (Grand Teton, Yellowstone, and Glacier National Park, Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park) and Veterinary schools, neuroscience departments, Smithsonian, Denver, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Washington D.C., Museum of Nature & Science, Field Museum, Mammal Museum at University of New Mexico and hospitals from various states have been most helpful.